Diagnose
De diagnose FAS is gewoonlijk gebaseerd op afwijkingen op 3 terreinen: groeiachterstand, specifieke gezichtskenmerken en neurologische abnormaliteiten. Er zijn meerdere pogingen gedaan om diagnostische protocollen helder te maken en te standaardiseren. Hier onder volgen een aantal belangrijke publicaties.
Automated diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome using 3D facial image analysis.
Fang S, McLaughlin J, Fang J, Huang J, Autti-Rämö I, Fagerlund A, Jacobson SW, Robinson LK, Hoyme HE, Mattson SN, Riley E, Zhou F, Ward R, Moore ES, Foroud T; Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008 Aug;11(3):162-71. Medline
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a practical clinical approach to diagnosis.
Manning MA, Hoyme HE. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(2):230-8. Epub 2006 Sep 7. Review. Medline
Comparison of the 4-digit diagnostic code and the Hoyme diagnostic guidelines for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Astley SJ. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):1532-45. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2007 Jan;119(1):227. Free full text
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian guidelines for diagnosis.
Chudley AE, Conry J, Cook JL, Loock C, Rosales T, LeBlanc N; Public Health Agency of Canada's National Advisory Committee on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. CMAJ. 2005 Mar 1;172(5 Suppl):S1-S21. Free full text
A practical clinical approach to diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: clarification of the 1996 institute of medicine criteria.
Hoyme HE, May PA, Kalberg WO, Kodituwakku P, Gossage JP, Trujillo PM, Buckley DG, Miller JH, Aragon AS, Khaole N, Viljoen DL, Jones KL, Robinson LK. Pediatrics. 2005 Jan;115(1):39-47. Free full text
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis.
Centers for Disease Control, 2004. Free full text
Diagnosing the full spectrum of fetal alcohol-exposed individuals: introducing the 4-digit diagnostic code.
Astley SJ, Clarren SK. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Jul-Aug;35(4):400-10. Free full text
Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy.
Jones KL, Smith DW. Lancet. 1973 Nov 3;2(7836):999-1001. Medline
Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers.
Jones KL, Smith DW, Ulleland CN, Streissguth P. Lancet. 1973 Jun 9;1(7815):1267-71. Medline